氣動電磁閥的診斷及維修
1、氣壓控制換向閥
氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)換向閥,是(shi)利用氣(qi)體壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)來使主(zhu)閥芯(xin)運動(dong)(dong)而(er)使氣(qi)體改變流(liu)向的(de)(de)。按(an)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式不同分為加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、卸(xie)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和差(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三種。加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)指所(suo)加(jia)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信號壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)是(shi)逐漸(jian)上升的(de)(de).當(dang)氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)增加(jia)到閥芯(xin)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)作壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)時,主(zhu)閥便換向;卸(xie)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)指所(suo)加(jia)的(de)(de)氣(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)信號壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)是(shi)減小的(de)(de),當(dang)減小到某(mou)一壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)值時,主(zhu)閥換向;差(cha)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)使主(zhu)閥芯(xin)在兩端壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)差(cha)的(de)(de)作用下(xia)換向。
氣控換向(xiang)閥(fa)(fa)按主閥(fa)(fa)結構不同,又可(ke)分為截止式(shi)和滑閥(fa)(fa)式(shi)兩種主要形式(shi)。滑閥(fa)(fa)式(shi)氣控換向(xiang)閥(fa)(fa)的結構和工作(zuo)原理(li)與液動(dong)換向(xiang)閥(fa)(fa)基本相同。在(zai)此主要介紹截止式(shi)換向(xiang)閥(fa)(fa)。
2、先(xian)導式電(dian)磁換向閥
先(xian)導(dao)式電磁換(huan)(huan)向(xiang)閥是由電磁鐵首先(xian)控制氣(qi)路,產生(sheng)先(xian)導(dao)壓力(li),再(zai)由先(xian)導(dao)壓力(li)去推(tui)動(dong)主閥閥芯(xin),使其換(huan)(huan)向(xiang)。適用(yong)于(yu)通徑(jing)較大的場合(he)。
先導式雙電控二位四通電磁換向閥。它由先導閥(Dl、D2)和主閥組成。而主閥又包括閥體1和活塞組件2兩部分。圖示的是Dl、D2均處于斷電的狀態。電磁閥的動鐵芯5、6處于關閉狀態。當Dl通電、D2斷電時,動鐵芯5被吸起,由P口來的壓縮空氣經孔a(虛線)進入閥的f腔。并從密封塞4(單向閥)的四周唇邊進入孔‘,并進入。廣腔,推動活塞組件2下移,使P與A通,B經閥芯中心孔h與T通(排氣)。A口有壓縮空氣輸出的同時,有一部分壓縮空氣流入孔g,其中一路經節流孔d進入c腔使密封塞4下移封住排氣孔b,另一路壓縮空氣進入f腔,作用在活塞組件2的上端。此時,即使Dl斷電,活塞組件2也不會位即該閥具有記憶功能。
先導式雙電(dian)控二位四(si)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)磁換向(xiang)閥(fa)(fa) 當先導閥(fa)(fa)D2通(tong)(tong)電(dian)、Dl斷電(dian)時(shi)(shi),動鐵芯6被吸起(qi),c腔內的(de)壓(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)經T1口(kou)排出(chu)。此時(shi)(shi)從P到(dao)A的(de)壓(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)作用(yong)在大(da)、小活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)上(shang)(shang)(shang),因大(da)、小活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)的(de)面(mian)積差而產生向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)作用(yong)力,使(shi)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)組件(jian)2上(shang)(shang)(shang)移。與(yu)此同時(shi)(shi),密封塞(sai)4也上(shang)(shang)(shang)移,并打開閥(fa)(fa)口(kou)3,使(shi)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)組件(jian)2上(shang)(shang)(shang)端(duan)的(de)壓(ya)縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)經孔6排掉。活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)組件(jian)2上(shang)(shang)(shang)移后,P與(yu)B通(tong)(tong),A與(yu)T通(tong)(tong)(排氣(qi))。此時(shi)(shi)即使(shi)D2斷電(dian),因大(da)小活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)面(mian)積差而產生向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)作用(yong)力依然(ran)存在,所(suo)以輸出(chu)狀態也不(bu)會(hui)改變,即具有(you)(you)記憶功能(neng)。氣(qi)動電(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)與(yu)液壓(ya)電(dian)磁換向(xiang)閥(fa)(fa)一樣,有(you)(you)很多類型,其工作原理也相似,不(bu)再贅述(shu)。